127th Birth anniversary of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose : Relatively an Unsung Hero

Today, 23rd January 2024, marks the 127th birth anniversary of the par excellence freedom fighter, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose who was born on 23rd January 1897 in Cuttack, Orissa to the illustrious parents - an affluent and successful lawyer Janakinath Bose, and Prabhavati Devi, daughter of Anandamohan Bosu, a prominent businessman in Cuttack. During the 125th birth anniversary, in addition to announcing the commemoration of this day, befittingly, as the Parakram Diwas – in recognition of the quintessential Parakram attributes of Netaji and his extraordinary daring pursuits for the freedom of our nation – Shri Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister of India, had unveiled a hologram statue of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose at the India Gate and had announced that a grand statue of Netaji will be installed at the India Gate “as a symbol of India’s indebtedness to him”. 

Befittingly, as we celebrate the 127th birth anniversary of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose today, a jet-black granite statue of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, measuring about 9 meters tall and weighing some 65 Metric Tonnes, has been installed at the historic India gate canopy. Interestingly, the giant statue of Netaji was sculpted by the very sculptor – Arun Yogiraj, who is now in the national news for sculpting the Ram Lalla idol, which was consecrated with the Pran Pratishtha Ceremony, by the honorable Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, at Ayodhya, yesterday.  The 41-year-old sculptor, Arun Yogi Raj, belongs to a family of five generations of sculptors. He was – perhaps - chosen to sculpt the idol of Ram Lalla, which unfolded its profound beauty in Ayodhya yesterday, primarily because of the highly appreciated sculpting capability that he had demonstrated in sculpting the 30 feet statue of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose installed in the canopy behind the Amar Jawan Jyoti at the India Gate in New Delhi.

 

The statue of Netaji, standing majestically tall, commemorates the pivotal role played by Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, one of the most iconic and influential leaders, who played a significant role in the Indian freedom struggle. Netaji’s role and his militaristic approach in attaining independence for India though were diametrically opposite to the Gandhian way, it must be recognised that this was one of the prime reasons for India gaining independence from British Rule. Netaji’s granite statue at the India Gate will help us all - fellow Indians – to remember his contributions to the Indian Independence struggle, which will be etched in the annals of Indian history. It is so very providential that the very artist – Arun Yogi Raj - who was chosen to sculpt the historic statue of Netaji for commissioning at the India Gate was commissioned to sculpt the Ram Lalla idol. It appears that Yogi Raj, the sculptor hailing from Karnataka, has been gifted with this god-gifted artistic sculpting talent from the legendary sculptor, Jakanachari, who hails from Karnataka. The legend of Jakanachari - who is aptly given the epithet “Amara Shilpi” - as a sculptor par excellence is larger than life, which is evidenced in several temples with fine sculptures seen in the temples of the Kalyani Chalukyas and Hoysalas.

 

The grand statue of Netaji, carved by Yogi Raj stands tall in the Indian Gate Canopy, which has been carved from a monolithic block of granite that weighed around 280 MT. Several craftsmen and artists, under the leadership of Yogi Raj, have worked with passion putting in “26,000-man hours of intense artistic endeavour” in chiselling to produce the statue of Netaji, which weighs around 65 MT. True to the age-old Indian traditions of crafting and sculpting the best of statues by sculptors like Jakanachari, the statue of Netaji has been completely hand-sculpted using traditional techniques and modern tools.

 

The scale and size of the sculpture of Netaji and the necessity of a special granite monolithic block to sculpt it ensured that the granite block had to be transported on a specially designed 100 feet long truck with 140 wheels, which had carried the monolithic granite stone on a journey of more than 1600 plus km from Khammam in Telangana to New Delhi.

Today as we celebrate the 127th birth anniversary of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, we must bow down in reverence to this great son of India who sacrificed what would have been a lucrative ICS career, in service of our motherland. All through his life, Netaji dreamt nothing but freedom for the nation, and in the process, he may have chosen a path, that may not appear to be the right way for some, but then it must be remembered that his aim was like that of the legendary Arjuna’s aim, which was to get independence for India from the colonial rule of the monster rulers – the British - at any cost and that too for the Akhand Bharat and not the India that we now recognise.  It is from this position that we must recognise his path of divergence from Gandhi. It is this path for freedom for India that manifested in the formation of the Azad Hind Force, aligning with Japan to confront the British. Bose's commitment to an unfocused objective of India's freedom demonstrated his unyielding spirit and perhaps it is the fear of this spirit which helped in India get the freedom

 

On this occasion it is apt to recall that historic speech of Netaji, where he spoke those immemorable words ' Give me your blood, I will give you freedom' and motivated thousands of his fellow countrymen - the Indian National Army. Netaji’s appeal motivated thousands of his fellow countrymen, the Indian National Army, to fight selflessly for Indian freedom, most unfortunately the INA and the people who fought under its banner, get only a footnote mention while speaking of our struggle for independence. History and as a corollary all of us have been unfair to Subhash Chandra Bose and his men, but then fortunately, though late, his statue standing tall on the ramparts of the Kartavya Path has made amends and etched his contributions in the annals of Indian history and ensured that he and his extraordinary unsung heroes - his fellow INA members and the Azad Hind Force - continue to be remembered and revered by this indebted nation, even as Bose's controversial death in an air crash adds intrigue to his legacy. The circumstances surrounding his death continue to be a subject of debate and scrutiny. As the narrative evolves, there's a growing acknowledgment of the need to delve deeper into Bose's life, acknowledging both his extraordinary contributions and the mysteries surrounding his demise.

Here are some highlights of contributions by Netaji.

 

Netaji formed the Forward Bloc, on 3^rd May 1939, in Makur, Unnao, after parting ways with the Congress. He resigned from the presidency of the Indian National Congress on 29 April after being outmaneuvered by those who were inimical to the growing stature of Netaji in Congress. His main focus was advocating for a more aggressive approach toward attaining independence. This marked a pivotal moment in his quest for a stronger, united India.

 

He established the Azad Hind Radio, which he used effectively to broadcast messages of inspiration and motivation to the Indian masses, fostering a sense of unity and determination during the freedom struggle.

 

He founded the Indian National Army (INA) in 1942. This was one of his most significant contributions and his army contingent comprised of Indian prisoners of war and civilians.  INA played a crucial role in challenging British rule, particularly in the context of the Burma Campaign. Unfortunately, due to politics, the contributions of the INA and how it helped expedite India's attaining freedom from the British have been completely overlooked at worst and brushed under the carpet at worst.

 

Netaji proclaimed the establishment of the Azad Hind Government in Singapore in 1943, reflecting his commitment to providing an alternative administrative structure for a free India. He visited the South Andaman district in 1943. On December 30th, 1943, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, the Supreme Commander of the Azad Hind, created a historic moment by hoisting the Indian National Flag for the first time on the soil of Port Blair.

 

Under Bose's leadership, the INA participated in the Battle of Imphal in 1944, a significant military engagement against the British forces. Though the INA ultimately withdrew, the battle demonstrated the strength and determination of Bose's forces.

 

Netaji established the Rani of Jhansi Regiment, an all-women combat unit within the INA, challenging traditional gender roles and showcasing his progressive vision for an independent India.

 

He actively sought international support for India's cause, forging alliances with countries like Germany and Japan. His diplomatic efforts aimed to garner backing for the Indian independence movement on the global stage.

 

 

Images: Courtesy Wikipedia

 

Long live Netaji and his INA compatriots in the hearts and minds of Indians.

 

Celebrating the Birth Anniversary of Stephen Hawking: A Legacy of Resilience, Determination and Scientific Brilliance

It was on this day 8 January 1942, that Stephen Hawking, a scientist whose enduring image has been etched in the annals of human history that will continue to live on in the hearts and minds of people, was born in Oxford, UK. Today as we celebrate the 82nd birth anniversary of Hawking, it is pertinent to remember him for leaving behind an indelible mark on the world of science. The world over Hawking will be eternally remembered as an enduring symbol of resilience and indomitable determination. Diagnosed with a rare Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) disorder at the age of 21, Hawking faced immense physical and neurological challenges, including confinement to a wheelchair and loss of speech and movement. However, his unwavering spirit and unyielding willpower propelled him to overcome these obstacles and redefine the boundaries of scientific exploration.

Stephen William Hawking, was not one of those precocious children who was destined to be famous from the word go. Rather, Hawking didn't excel in school as a child. It was only after he entered college that he started enjoying his subject and got immersed in his studies. While pursuing his PhD in cosmology at the University of Cambridge, Hawking was diagnosed with the rare ALS disorder. By then he had already noticed that he was getting clumsy and had even fallen once or twice for no apparent reason. His father then took him to the family doctor to ascertain the reasons for his unnatural fall and clumsiness, where he was diagnosed as suffering from ALS.

It was in 1971, when the young physicist, Stephen Hawking, proposed a groundbreaking concept known as the "Area Theorem," an idea rooted in Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. This theorem laid the foundation for understanding the nature of black holes and their behaviour concerning the area of their event horizons and it set off a series of fundamental insights about black hole mechanics. The experimental validation of this theorem took an unexpected turn in 2015 with the historic detections made by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO).

Stephen Hawking's Area Theorem, which became an integral component of his research on black holes, postulates that the total area of the event horizons of black holes can never decrease over time. The event horizon is the boundary beyond which nothing, not even light, can escape the gravitational pull of the black hole. This is what makes black holes one of the most known scientific terms with little understanding of what it is, in terms of science and its understanding. Hawking’s theorem aligns with the second law of thermodynamics, suggesting an intriguing connection between the physics of black holes and thermodynamic principles. Hawking's work extended Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity, introducing new perspectives on black hole dynamics. According to the Area Theorem, as black holes merge or interact, the collective area of their event horizons should not diminish, affirming a fundamental aspect of the thermodynamic behaviour of black holes.

The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) made history in 2015 by detecting gravitational waves emanating from the collision of two black holes. This groundbreaking observation not only confirmed a major prediction of Einstein's theory but also provided a unique opportunity to explore the implications of Hawking's Area Theorem. As the two black holes spiralled inwards and eventually merged, they created ripples in spacetime, propagating as gravitational waves. LIGO's precise instruments detected these waves, offering a wealth of information about the binary black hole systems. The observations also provided an indirect validation of the Area Theorem, as the combined area of the event horizons in the final merged black hole should not be less than the sum of the individual black holes' areas before the collision.

Hawking's contributions to theoretical physics, particularly in the fields of cosmology and black holes, are nothing short of revolutionary. Beyond his scientific achievements, Stephen Hawking emerged as a symbol of hope for differently-abled individuals around the globe. His life story exemplified the triumph of the human spirit over physical limitations. Hawking's resilience in the face of adversity resonated with countless people, fostering a sense of empowerment and proving that the human mind knows no bounds, even when the body does.

One of Hawking's most enduring legacies is his best-selling book, "A Brief History of Time." This masterpiece brought complex scientific concepts to a broader audience, captivating readers with the wonders of the cosmos. The book's success not only solidified Hawking's status as a brilliant scientist but also positioned him as a communicator who could bridge the gap between the scientific community and the general public. Published in 1988, this book aimed to make complex topics like black holes, the nature of time, and the origin of the universe accessible to the general public. It became an international phenomenon, selling millions of copies and staying on bestseller lists for an extended period. In the book, Hawking skilfully combined scientific insights with engaging prose, offering readers a glimpse into the mysteries of the cosmos without compromising on intellectual rigor. The book's success not only brought widespread recognition to Hawking but also played a pivotal role in popularizing science and inspiring a new generation of enthusiasts.

Stephen Hawking passed away on March 14, 2018. Appended below is a link to my tribute paid to Stephen Hawking on my Facebook on his passing away. His frail yet indefatigable appearance stuck to the wheelchair with his characteristic voice synthesised speech, will surely be missed by hundreds of thousands of his admirers all across the globe. And for the innumerable differently abled and their caregivers, for whom he continued to be a shining star of hope and aspirations, his death means the star has collapsed into a black hole creating an unconquerable vacuum.

Incidentally just two years after the passing away of Hawking, the coveted Nobel Prize for Physics for the year 2020, was awarded half to Roger Penrose for showing how black holes could form and half to Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez for discovering a supermassive object at the Milky Way’s center.

Long live Stephen Hawking.

27 December & ‘Jana Gana Mana": The National Anthem of Unity and Identity in India

27 December holds a special significance for us since it happens to be the birthday of my wife and therefore I was wondering how could I make it special  this year. This thought helped me to dig into history to try and resonate this day as something special. This led me to the understanding of the historical significance of this day for India. It was on this day, 27 December 1911, that for the first time “Jana Gana Mana", which was later to become our national anthem, was sung during the Indian National Congress session in Calcutta (now Kolkata). 

India's national anthem, "Jana Gana Mana," penned and composed by the legendary poet Rabindranath Tagore (https://khened.blogspot.com/2020/05/rabindrnaath-tagore-tribute-to-polymath.html)

is not merely a song or an exceptional piece of poetry; it is an embodiment of the nation's rich cultural tapestry and a hymn that resonates with the collective spirit of the people of India. The journey of this profound anthem, from its inception to its establishment as the national song, showcases the deep connection it shares with the people of India.

Although "Jana Gana Mana" was first sung on December 27, 1911, during the Indian National Congress session in Calcutta (now Kolkata), little did Tagore know that his composition would go on to become an integral part of India's national identity and that it will be adopted as the national anthem. The true recognition of "Jana Gana Mana" as the national anthem came after a long debate in the Constituent Assembly of India, which officially adopted it as the national anthem when the Republic of India was proclaimed - 26 January 1950. The adoption of this anthem was not just a formal acknowledgment; it was a declaration of the values and diversity that bind the nation together.

The impact of "Jana Gana Mana" goes beyond its melodious tune and eloquent lyrics. The anthem encompasses verses in praise of India's diverse geography, cultures, and people, fostering a sense of unity in its diversity. It is a celebration of the spirit that transcends regional, linguistic, and religious boundaries, making it a poignant representation of the composite culture of India.

The anthem's connect with the people is evident in its widespread acceptance and participation during national events, school assemblies, and public gatherings. This was evidenced when the world witnessed that extraordinary moment, which unfolded during the India Pakistan World Cup Cricket match in Ahmedabad. A massive gathering of over 100,000 people in the crowd were seen singing with extreme pride the national anthem along with the Indian team. The video capturing the collective rendition of "Jana Gana Mana" serves as a unifying force, instilling a sense of pride and patriotism among Indians and therefore it was no wonder that it went viral across social media platforms. It exhibited the power of the national anthem to evoke strong emotions, symbolizing the shared history, struggles, and triumphs of the nation. 

"Jana Gana Mana" has become a cultural icon, weaving itself into the fabric of India's national consciousness. Its verses capture the essence of India's journey towards independence and its ongoing pursuit of unity, justice, and liberty. The anthem is not merely a musical composition; it is a living testament to the resilience and unity of the Indian people.

Rabindranath Tagore's "Jana Gana Mana" stands as a timeless anthem that transcends time and space, resonating with the hearts of millions. From its humble origins to its status as the national anthem, the song has left an indelible mark on the collective identity of India. Its impact lies in its ability to evoke a sense of pride and unity, making it a cherished and revered symbol that unites the diverse tapestry of the nation. 

This post is a birthday gift to my wife, who turns 55 today, which costs cipher and stands a sure chance to be dimmed in the light of other possible materialistic gifts she is sure to receive from her father and siblings. Hailing from the rustic background - and that too from the state of north Karnataka - I grew up in an ambience where modern style ostentatious celebrations of birthdays with cutting of birthday cakes etc. were non starters and even if celebrated, it was a visit to a temple followed by seeking blessings from parents and elders and that tradition I have continued when it comes to celebrating my birthday. 

May our national anthem continue to unite us and help us celebrate the grandness of this vast and diverse nation which is poised to regain its supremacy in the comity of nations in the decades to come. 

Jai Hind

December 14: Max Planck’s Quantum Theory Enters Scientific Lexicon in 1900

This day - 14 December - marks a historic day when the groundbreaking Quantum Theory was firmly birthed by German Scientist, Max Planck in 1900. Earlier, Planck had presented his preliminary ideas of quantised energy at a meeting of the German Physical Society on October 19, 1900, which he thought was simply a ‘lucky guess’. He, therefore, set about deriving a decisive formulation on the quantised energy and came out with a comprehensive version of his Quantum Theory that he introduced before the German Physical Society (Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft) in Berlin on December 14, 1900. In attendance was the distinguished audience that consisted of fellow physicists and scientists who played a crucial role in the reception of his groundbreaking ideas on quantum theory and helping it enter into the scientific lexicon. Planck published this paper, under the title “On the Law of the Energy Distribution in the Normal Spectrum”, in the journal "Annalen der Physik" (Annals of Physics) in 1901. It is in recognition of his December 14 presentation before the German Physical Society that 14 December has been etched in the annals of history as the day when Quantum Mechanics was born. 

Max Planck's paper presented a significant departure from the extant classical physics, particularly the well-established centuries-old Newtonian principles. Classical physics operated on deterministic laws, assuming a continuous and predictable nature of matter and energy. However, the phenomena observed at the atomic and molecular levels defied explanation by classical physics. Planck's paper explained the blackbody radiation spectrum, resolving issues that classical physics couldn't address. Planck's quantum theory introduced the concept of quantized energy, suggesting that energy is not emitted or absorbed continuously but in discrete packets or "quanta." This departure from classical continuity was a radical shift, challenging the deterministic worldview of classical physics. The implications were profound, as it forced scientists to reconsider the nature of matter and energy interactions at microscopic scales. 

It is interesting to note that Einstein, initially, had reservations about the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics and his preference for determinism led to differences with pioneers like Niels Bohr, which are well recorded in the debates that the two stalwarts had on this subject, in the early days of Quantum theory. Notwithstanding the same, quantum theory revolutionised science and technology, influencing fields beyond physics. His paper led to the development of quantum mechanics as a definitive subject. This paradigm shift became the catalyst for a series of monumental developments, with pioneers like Niels Bohr, Paul Dirac, Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schrödinger, and others expanding and refining quantum mechanics to shape the understanding of particles and their behaviour at the atomic and subatomic levels. 

The giant leap from Newtonian determinism to the probabilistic realm of quantum mechanics was pathbreaking primarily because Newton's laws were immensely successful in describing macroscopic phenomena, but they fell short when applied to the microscopic world. Planck's work laid the groundwork for a new understanding of particles' behaviour, acknowledging inherent uncertainties and probabilities in their states and movements. 

In the vast tapestry of scientific discovery, Max Planck stands as a luminary whose revolutionary insights into the quantum realm laid a robust foundation for transformative advancements in electronics, communications, and information technology. Planck's quantum mechanics became the cornerstone upon which subsequent generations of scientists built, propelling humanity into the digital age.

 The electronics landscape, intricately connected to the quantum world, underwent a metamorphosis thanks to the profound understanding derived from Planck's work. Riding on the shoulders of the scientific giants who advanced quanta, and mechanics, the realm of semiconductors emerged, culminating in the invention of the Nobel-winning semiconductor transistors and the ubiquitous Integrated Circuit (IC). This miniature marvel, a testament to human ingenuity helped solve the tyranny of numbers - vacuum tubes - that now form the backbone of modern electronic devices, from computers to smartphones. Enter the era of Silicon Valley, starting from the formation of the Shockley Semiconductors company, which helped the founding of Fairchild Semiconductors. Fairchild Semiconductor, and its famous ‘treacherous eight’ founders, proved to be the leaders in Silicon Valley and their company in turn birthed many other companies in Silicon Valley including Intel, which developed the microprocessor that heralded a new dawn in computing. The seamless and continuous integration of Planck's quantum principles with electronic engineering paved the way for faster, more powerful, and increasingly compact computational devices. The world witnessed an unprecedented leap in information technology, as processing speeds skyrocketed and computing power became accessible to the masses.

The marriage of information technology with the internet, itself a product of advanced communication technologies, has shaped the interconnected world we inhabit today. Fiber-optic communications, lasers, and emerging quantum computing owe their existence to the foundational concepts laid down by Planck. The intricate dance of electrons at the quantum level finds resonance in the swift transmission of data through optical fibres, enabling the seamless connectivity that defines our digital age.

As we navigate the complexities of the 21st century, we owe a debt of gratitude to Max Planck. His intellectual courage and vision propelled us from the confines of classical physics into an era where quantum mechanics is not just a theoretical construct but a driving force behind our technological marvels. Planck's legacy, embodied in the tiny particles and packets of energy he unveiled, continues to resonate in every keystroke, every download, and every electronic pulse that shapes our modern world. December 14, 1900, therefore marks not just a date in history but a cosmic birth of ideas that have fuelled a technological revolution, and for that, we stand in eternal tribute to Max Planck, the architect of the quantum age.

In the context of India, the digital saga and IT have played a transformational role in benefitting its citizens. In the dynamic landscape of India's digital revolution, the impact of quantum mechanics is palpable, albeit indirectly. The foundational principles laid down by Max Planck and the subsequent development of quantum mechanics have played an instrumental role in shaping the digital infrastructure that underpins millions of financial transactions in the country. From computers to smartphones, which are inextricably linked to our daily lives, these devices rely on the principles of quantum mechanics to function efficiently.

 In the context of financial transactions, quantum-inspired advancements in information technology have become indispensable. The development of secure communication protocols, encryption algorithms, and data transmission methods draws inspiration from the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics. Quantum cryptography, for instance, explores ways to enhance the security of digital transactions, ensuring that sensitive financial data remains safeguarded against potential threats.

 Moreover, the computational power derived from the principles of quantum mechanics has influenced the development of algorithms that optimize financial operations. Quantum computing, though in its infancy, holds the promise of revolutionizing complex calculations, risk assessments, and data analysis in the financial sector. As this technology matures, it could potentially streamline and enhance the efficiency of digital financial transactions on an unprecedented scale.

 India's ambitious journey towards a digital economy, often referred to as "Digital India," is intricately intertwined with the technological advancements inspired by quantum mechanics. The adoption of digital payment systems, mobile banking, and online financial platforms has surged, transforming the traditional landscape of financial transactions. Quantum mechanics, through its impact on information technology, has been an unsung hero in enabling the infrastructure that facilitates seamless, secure, and efficient digital financial interactions.

 In conclusion, the quantum revolution initiated by Max Planck in the early 20th century has left an indelible mark on India's digital transformation. The principles of quantum mechanics, manifested in the technological advancements of information science and quantum-inspired computing, have become integral to the fabric of Digital India. As millions engage in financial transactions through digital platforms, they unknowingly participate in a technological symphony shaped by the quantum world, a testament to the enduring and far-reaching impact of Max Planck's groundbreaking ideas.

Image: Courtesy  Wikipedia 

 

13 December, “The Tragedy of Commons”, & Panchatantra

 

It was on this day, 13 December, that ecologist Garret Hardin published an influential essay titled "The Tragedy of the Commons," in the journal “Science” in 1968. His essay explores the concept that shared resources, when open to everyone, are often overused and depleted. It highlights the dilemma of individual interests conflicting with the common good, leading to environmental degradation. Today, this concept remains relevant in addressing issues like overpopulation, resource depletion, and environmental sustainability. Lessons include the need for responsible resource management, regulatory measures, and global cooperation to avoid the tragic consequences of unchecked exploitation.

 Garrett James Hardin was an American ecologist and professor of human ecology, who was born on April 21, 1915. Hardin's background included academic achievements in the fields of biology and ecology. He obtained his Bachelor's degree in Zoology from the University of Chicago in 1936 and later earned a doctorate in microbiology from Stanford University in 1941. Throughout his career, he worked as a professor of biology and human ecology at various institutions, including the University of California, Santa Barbara.

 Hardin's work extended beyond the realm of biology, and he became known for his writings on ethics, ecology, and resource management. In his essay “Tragedy of the Commons”, Hardin advocated the idea that individuals, acting in their self-interest, could deplete shared resources, leading to a "tragedy" where everyone suffers due to the overexploitation of the commons. This he argued would lead to detrimental consequences for the entire community. He presented a compelling argument about the overuse of shared resources, using the metaphor of a common pasture that is open to all for grazing. Hardin's essay sparked significant debate and discussion in the fields of ecology, economics, and environmental science. It also created debate and discussions on population growth, environmental ethics, and the management of common-pool resources. While Hardin’s concept did face criticism and alternative viewpoints, it remains a key idea in discussions about sustainable resource management and the challenges of addressing collective action problems, particularly in countries like India. With a large population, resources such as water, land, and energy are under significant pressure. The tragedy of the commons underscores the importance of efficient and sustainable resource management to prevent overexploitation and depletion.

 Hardin passed away on September 14, 2003, leaving a lasting impact on ecological and ethical discourse through his contributions to the understanding of common-pool resource dynamics.

 Speaking on the subject of “The Tragedy of Commons” and its adverse impact on society, and its extraordinary significance in modern times, I am reminded of the importance of incorporating social science and moral values, particularly through teachings like those found in stories such as Panchatantra, to counteract the potential consequences of degradation and abuse of common assets in an increasingly selfish and materialistic world.

 Panchatantra, a collection of ancient Indian folktales and animal fables, is attributed to the illustrious Hindu Scholar, Vishnu Sharma. He is believed to have composed Panchatantra around 200 BCE to 300 CE, Panchatantra is a Sanskrit work that has transcended centuries, cultures, and borders. Its stories have been translated into numerous languages and continue to captivate readers worldwide.

 The Panchatantra consists of a series of interconnected fables, typically featuring animal characters. The stories are framed within a narrative structure where a wise teacher imparts valuable life lessons to young princes. Each tale imparts moral, ethical, and practical wisdom, often exploring themes such as diplomacy, governance, friendship, and ethical decision-making.

 The Panchatantra stories are rich in moral teachings. In today's world, where rapid population growth and increased demands strain shared resources, these stories offer timeless wisdom on responsible behaviour, ethical decision-making, and the consequences of selfish actions. Many Panchatantra tales emphasize the interconnectedness of all living beings and the environment. In the face of contemporary environmental challenges. exacerbated by a growing population, these stories can promote ecological awareness and sustainable living practices. The tales often feature kings and rulers facing complex challenges. In the context of modern governance and leadership, the Panchatantra provides insights into effective decision-making, diplomatic skills, and the importance of considering the well-being of the entire community.

 The Panchatantra reflects the cultural heritage of India. Preserving and promoting this ancient wisdom helps maintain a connection with cultural roots while offering practical insights for navigating the complexities of modern society. The adaptability of Panchatantra stories allows them to resonate with diverse audiences. Through various retellings, adaptations, and educational initiatives, these tales can address contemporary issues related to resource management, community harmony, and ethical conduct.

 In conclusion, the Panchatantra, with its enduring stories and moral lessons, provides a valuable resource for addressing the challenges posed by a growing population and the associated stresses on shared resources, leading to what Hardin called “The Tragedy of Commons”. By integrating its teachings into education and cultural awareness, societies can benefit from the timeless wisdom embedded in these ancient fables for the larger good of the society to which we all belong - Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam.

Images : Courtesy Wikipedia 

 

Mahaparinirvan Divas: Tribute to Dr Bhimrao Ambedkar on his Death Anniversary

Today, 6 December, marks the death anniversary - Mahaparinirvan Divas - of the venerable Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar, the Father of the Indian Constitution and a champion who advocated for the rights of the Dalits and marginalised in India. Millions of followers of Dr B R Ambedkar flock to the city of Mumbai at the Chaitya Bhoomi, the cremation place of Dr Ambedkar to pay their reverence to their iconic leader. His erudition and tireless efforts for the rights of his people and those of the marginalised section of Indian society have left an indelible mark on our nation, shaping the foundation for social justice and equality. 

 On this solemn occasion, it is time for us to reflect on his enduring legacy, acknowledging the pivotal role he played in crafting the constitutional framework that continues to guide our diverse and vibrant democracy. In remembrance, we honour his unwavering commitment to social justice and his profound impact on the collective conscience of our nation. 

 Ambedkar's journey from being a Dalit himself to becoming a key architect of the constitution is an inspiring narrative of resilience and determination. His academic brilliance and profound understanding of social issues enabled him to articulate the principles of justice, liberty, and fraternity that form the bedrock of our constitutional ethos. 

Beyond the constitutional realm, Ambedkar tirelessly advocated for the upliftment of the downtrodden, working to eradicate untouchability and promote education as a means of empowerment. His efforts paved the way for significant social reforms, challenging deeply entrenched prejudices and inequalities.

As we observe the anniversary of his passing, it is an opportune moment to reflect not only on his legislative contributions but also on the broader social transformation he envisioned. Dr. Ambedkar's teachings continue to inspire movements for equality and justice, reminding us of the ongoing struggle to build a society where every individual, regardless of caste or creed, can live with dignity and opportunity.

Images: Courtesy Wikipedia 

Here is a link to my blog, written on his birth anniversary, which chronicles the life and works of Dr BR Ambedkar. 

https://khened.blogspot.com/2023/04/tribute-to-dr-bhimrao-ramji-ambedkar.html

Birth Centenary Tribute to Late Shri M G Gore, the visionary founder of ADHAR

 

It was on this day a hundred years ago – 23 November 1923 – the visionary founder of ADHAR (Association of Parents of Mentally Retarded Children), Mumbai, the late Shri M G Gore, the man who dedicated his entire life to compassion and understanding, was born.

Today two units of ADHAR at Badlapur and Nashik that serve as a home away from home for 350 plus specially abled – Divyang – adults, who are provided lifetime shelter and caregiving, stand testimony to his visionary dream. As ADHAR begins celebrating the centenary of its visionary founder, a great noble and remarkable visionary, born a century ago, we witness that this trailblazer's legacy has been woven into the very fabric of benevolence. In a world often indifferent to the struggles of the mentally challenged, Mr. M G Gore stood as a beacon of empathy and understanding to the special needs adults and their parents and caregivers by envisioning establishing an institute that would take lifetime care, with love and empathy of special needs adults. The result was the establishment of ADHAR www.adhar.org at Badlapur in January 1994.

The journey of Mr. M G Gore and his dream of establishing ADHAR began after he retired from the Children's Aid Society, a reputed institution where he worked for more than three decades. The Children’s Aid Society was established as an outcome of the Bombay Children's Act which was passed in the year 1924. In November 1926, Sir Earnest Hotson, the then Home Member, Government of Bombay convened a conference of Social Workers, which led to the formation of the Children's Aid Society in March 1927. It was providential that Mr M G Gore, born around the time when the Bombay Children’s Act was passed, served this institution for three decades and it was here that he developed his profound commitment to serve the special needs people.

The genesis for a vision to founding an institution like ADHA begins with a news report that Mr. MG Gore read that disturbed him immensely and he had sleepless nights thinking about it. The report was of a mother to a special adult – mentally challenged 30 plus years – in the USA, who, it was reported, killed her son and shot herself in the head leaving behind a note which said she took this extreme step of taking the life her son and her own life to avoid a situation as to who would look after her mentally challenged adult son after her demise. Disturbed by this news, Mr. Gore thought about special needs adults and their parents in India and realised that there are no institutions that are committed to providing lifetime care and shelter for special needs adults in India. He inserted an expression of interest advertisement in the local newspaper and appealed to interested parents of special needs adults for a meeting to explore establishing an institute that would provide lifetime shelter for such adults.  Some 40 parents turned up for the meeting and from that humble beginning, around ten parents remained committed to the cause and vision of Mr. M G Gore, who registered ADHAR as an organisation under the title “Association of Parents of Mentally Retarded Adults in the early 1990s. Mr M G Gore, with the support of parents who believed in his leadership and his vision, managed to crowd-fund initial finances and ended up purchasing a plot of land away from Mumbai in Badlapur to establish ADHAR. It was in January 1994 that they admitted the first adult at ADHAR which was aimed at providing lifetime shelter to special needs adults – mentally challenged adults. Today as ADHAR begins the commemoration of the birth centenary of Mr M G Gore, this institution has grown in strength from that humble beginning and it now has two units – one at Badlapur, from where the story of ADHAR began, and another unit at Nashik - where 350 plus special adults are staying in an ambiance of a home away from home.   

ADHAR now stands testimony to the profound commitment of Mr. Gore and his early supporter parents, like Mr. Chandavarkar ji, one of the Trustees of ADHAR, who is now 95. One of the sons of Mr. Chandavarkar has been residing at ADHAR Badlapur since its foundation and Mr. Chandavarkar ji will be sharing his reminiscence of working with the visionary Mr M G Gore at the birth centenary commemoration program, that is organised at ADHAR Badlapur today.

 Within the walls of the ADHAR, where special needs adults stay, one can hear the echo of laughter and the warmth of care for these special needs adults. Mr Gores visionary's journey was marked by a profound understanding that extended beyond conventional bounds. With each passing year, the shelter that he crafted has evolved into a testament of love, patience, and resilience. ADHAR is now a haven where the uniqueness of each individual is not just acknowledged but celebrated as well. As we commemorate the centenary of this compassionate soul, let us reflect on the enduring impact of his selfless endeavor. In the gentle embrace of the shelter he founded, countless lives have found solace, purpose, and a sense of belonging. The echoes of his legacy continue to reverberate at ADHAR, reminding us of the boundless capacity for kindness that resides within the human spirit.

Today, we honour not only the birth centenary of Mr. M G Gore but a century of unwavering dedication to a cause greater than oneself, it is so heartening to note that Mr. Vishwas Gore, the able son of Mr. M G Gore, who was a professional Chartered Accountant, left his thriving practice to mantle the leadership of ADHAR post the demise of his legendary father.

May the vision of this extraordinary individual, Mr M G Gore, inspire generations to come, encouraging us all to extend a helping hand to those in need and to build a world where compassion knows no bounds.

Today as we celebrate the birth centenary of Mr M G Gore, it is ironic that even with so many legislations and other bodies that profess to be the guardians of Human Rights, it is unfortunate that a harsh terrain of societal indifference continues to exist and more so for the mentally challenged adults, who often find themselves navigating a landscape devoid of understanding and compassion. In a world that often measures worth by conventional standards, these individuals face the subtle cruelty of being marginalized and overlooked. For parents tasked with the care of these special adults, the journey is a relentless odyssey marked by both love and torment. The weight of societal stigmas compounds the challenges, leaving parents grappling not only with the practicalities of daily care but also with the emotional toll of navigating a world that seldom comprehends the unique needs of their loved ones and constantly worrying about what will happen to their child once they pass away. The visionary we commemorate today recognized this poignant struggle. His creation of a lifetime shelter was a profound response to a world that often turned a blind eye to the silent struggles of these individuals and their families.

May the yearlong centenary programs, which have been planned by ADHAR to commemorate the birth centenary of Mr. MG Gore, help create awareness and spark a collective endeavor to foster a society that embraces the diversity of human experience and extends a compassionate hand to those who need it most.

Long live the legacy and dream of Mr M G Gore.